Heater



June 17, 1 930.-

' G. BoRGEsoN 1,765,2 01

HEATER Filed Jan. 28, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR AT ORNEYS Ji 17,1930. G. B-ORGESON HEATER Filed Jan. 28, 19 29 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 I N VENTOR.

Patented June 17, 1930 eUsrAvroneEson, or srancusn, New Yoiu:

HEATER v Application filed January 28.1529. Serial No. 335,613.

This invention relates to a heater for heating 'air' or water or for theconversion of water into steam to be used in heating houses or otherbuildings and for'any other purpose to which it might be applied and isconstructed more particularly for the recep tionof and cooperationwithbasket grates or firepots of the character set forth inm pendingapplication Serial N 0. 316,422, filed November 1, 1928.

These basket grates are constructed in such manner that air may-besupplied to the fuel from the bottom upwardly and also from theoutsideinwardly at different levels of the fuel for the purpose ofeffecting a more complete distillation and. liberation of the gases sothat the latter may be entirely consumed within the combustion chamberresulting in a maximum degree of heat from a minimum quantity of fueland also reducing to a minimum the escape of unburned gases or smokethrough the smoke flue and chimney.

In heaters of this character the heater per se is usually surrounded orinclosed by a separate shell in more or less spaced relation thereto toform either'an air jacket or water jacket in which the'air or water isheated to the desired degree 'of temperature by the heat radiated fromthe shell of the heater,

and the main object of the present invention is to associate the heatradiating'shell with the fuel basket and combustion chamber in suchmanneras to obtain a greater amount of heat radiating surface and also agreater degree of heat radiation than has heretofore been practised. v

Another object is to provide the heater I v with a fuel magazinearranged to automati- "4O cally feed the fuel bygr'avity directly overand into the vertical center of the basket in quantities proportionateto the consumption of the fuel. I

Another object is to provide the basket with means for automaticallydistributing the fuel more or less evenly throughout the interior andaround the axis thereof.

Another object is to'provide the heater with an interior supplementalshell sur- 5 rounding the basket and in spaced relation to the outershellof the heater whereby the highly heated products of combustion fromthe combustion chamber may be directed over thetop and downwardly aroundthe supplemental shell and then allowed to pass through the lower draftflue into the main flue or chimney so as to obtain a greater heatingefficiency of the surrounding air or water than would be possiblewithout the use of the supplemental shell. a

A further object'is to extend the discharge nozzle of the fuel feedingmagazine down wardly some di stance into the center of the combustionchamber where it is surrounded by the highly heated products ofcombustion for preheating the fuel as it discharges into the basket andthereby to accelerate the conversion of the fuel into combustible gases.

Other objects and uses relating to specific parts of the heater willbebrought out in the following description.

In the drawings Figure l is a front elevation, partly in section, of aheater'embodying the various features of my invention, the dotted linesindicating an external jacket surrounding the heater for the receptionof air or water which is to be heated. i

' Figure 2 is a in the'plane of vertical sectional view, taken line 2-2,Figure 1.

Figures 3, 4 and 5are horizontal sectional views taken respectively inthe planes of lines 3'--3, 4.t being enlarged, broken away.

and -5'5, Figure 2, Figure 5 partly in section and partly Asillustrated, this heater comprises a hollow base or ash box 1, a mainupright shell '2, an inner supplemental duits -5 and stack 7 which, inturn, is adapted to be connected to a suitable chimney flue The frontside of the ash box 1' is provided with the usual'main door 8 upon whichis mounted a suitable draft door 9-, one side vided with an attachmentto "a desired.

of the ash box being proinlet conduit --10 for n air blower (not shown),if

' The lower end of the main shell 2 is provided with an inturned flange-1l z bolted or otherwise secured to the top wall of the ash boX 2-, theadjacent ends of the ash box 1 and shell -2 being provided withregistering openings -12- of relatively large diameter to permit thepassage of air therethrough, and alsothe 7 said hopperwhen the lid isopened, said inlet placing and removal of interior parts.

The ash box 1 and shells 2 and 3 are preferably madeof' cast iron, butobviously may be made of boiler iron or other suitable material, theshell 2- being extended upwardly a considerable distance above the upperend of the inner shell 3- and formed with an inwardly and downwardlyturned top wall or crown sheet -13.

The central portion of the top wall of the porting the lower end ofthemagazine l. The lower end of the magazine -4- is removably fittedwithin the upper, end of the tubular extension -l6 while the remainingsuperposed portions are flared upwardly and outwardly to form a hopperof relatively large capacity for receiving and retaining a considerablequantity of coal or other solid fuel.

' The upperportionof the hopper or magazine 4 is substantiallycylindrical and the front portion thereof is cut away at .-17-- to forman inlet for the fuel and for convenience of introduction ofthe fuelinto the" hopper at a lower level than the top of being normally closedby a pendant portion of the lid. V Y

The top of the hopper is normallyclosed by a cover or lid -l8 which maybe opened and closed at will to permit'the en trance of fuel through theinlet 17 and 7 also to seal the top of the hopper against escape ofgases theret'hrou'gh into the room in'which the heater is located.' 7

'The fuel feed from the magazine +4 into the nozzle -1 l is controlledby a suit-: able damper or dampers consisting of in this instance two,substantially semi circular plate sections ,19 and -'19' having theirinner edges secured to a pair of coaxial shaft sections 20-' and ,20

which extend diametrically across theinte rior'of the extension -16'andare jourq naled in the outer walls thereof in about the same plane asthe lower end of the hopper 4 within said extension as shown moreclearly in Figure 2. Each damper section -19 and l9- is secured to itscorresponding shaft 20 and 20 by any suitable means such as setscrews21- to cause the shafts with their respective dampers thereon to rockunison,

The outer ends of the shafts +20 and -20 are provided with crank arms22.

and 22 extending radially therefrom in opposite directions, the outerends of said crank arms being provided with suitable weights -23 and 323vfor normally holding the dampers -19 and '19lin their closed positionswith their outer edges in engagement with the lower end of the hopper 4as shown in Figure 2; p

The weights -23- and -23 are ad justable along Y their respective crankarms 22- and -22 to substantially counterbalance the weight of thedamper sections +19 and l9 and in part, the fuel which may rest thereon,said weights being held in their adjusted positions by set screws 2 i orequivalent fastening means, Figure 5. v

When fuel is present in the hopper -4E+ its weight will be sufiicient toopen the damper sections 19- and -19 sufficiently to allow limitedquantities of the fuel to pass from the magazine t-- through thenozzle-14 and into the underlying fuel basket .15 but it is evident that whenthe basket is filled and the surface of the fuel therein assumes adefinite angle of repose with its apex in the lower end of the nozzlethe downward feed of the fuel through the nozzle will be retardedthereby relieving the pressure of the fuel upon the damper sections -19and 19- andallowing the latter to be more or less closed by the weightsand It is evident, however, that the weights may be adjusted to overcomethe weight of the fuel upon the damper sections in which case theweights may be raised by hand. at

any time desired to allow the fuel to feeddownwardly through the chuteor nozzle -14;- into' the underlying v fuel basket 15 but as soon as thelifting force upon the weights is withdrawn they will automaticallyreturn their dampers toj'their closed position.

' The outlet conduit is disposed in a V plane-"between the upper, end ofthe inner shell '3- and dome -13 of the shell I -2 while the indirectoutlet conduit 6 is disposed in alplane between the lower and upper endsofthe innershell 3 so that when the conduit 5 is closed the products ofvcombustion are caused to circulate,

then downwardly around the same before passing out through the indirectoutlet conduit 6 thereby increasing the temperature of the adjacentportion of the outer shell -2- which added to. the intense heat of theportion ofthe outer shell 2 above the inner shell 3 greatly increasesthe heat radiating area of the outer. shell resulting in a moreexpeditious heating of the airor water inthe surrounding jacket as ..-Aas'shown by dotted lines in Figure 1.

These outlet conduits -5 and -6 preferably lead from the rear side ofthe heater shell ---2 which is provided in its front side with a fuelinlet opening and door 26 thereforto be used for the insertion of fuelinto the fuel basket particularly when starting the'fire in the heater.

The lower end of the inner shell- 3 rests upon the inturned flange 11 ofthe outer shell 2 and is preferably made in two or moresectionstoperniit them to be installed through the ash box and opening-12leading-therefrom to the inside of the heater shell 2. v e

The front portion of the upper endof the shell 3- on a level with thefuel inlet opening -25 is cut away-and flanged outwardly at 27coincident with the bottom of the opening 25 to form a shelf along whichthe fuel may be directed from the opening 25 into the basket 15.

The remaining portions of the upper end of the shell 3- extend above theupper end of the basket 15- to a level between the bottom of the fuelopening +.Z5 and bottom of the direct draft outlet .5 as shown in Figure,2 to a'ssistin confining the upper portions. of the fuel within thebasket,

it'being understood that the front side ofthe upper portion of the shell'3 above 1 the ledge 27 will be flanged against the outer shell -2 atopposite sides of the opening -25- for guiding the fuel into the basket.v

Thevlower end of the inner shell -3 is provided with a series of, inthis instance four, inwardly projecting lugs -28 arranged inuniformlyspaced relation circ'um- I ferentially around the axis of saidshell and provided with grooves 29 in their upper sides for receiving acorresponding number of arms -30- of a grate-supporting spider -3lsimilar to that shown in my pend- 7 ing application previously referredto.

That is, the arms 30-,are T-shapedin cross section andtheir lowerupright flanges are seated in the grooves Q9 to hold the spider 81against relative rotary movement while permitting it to be placed in opverative position and removed at will.

he grate supporting spider is provided with a central 'hub'3'2 extendingsome distance above and below the level of the arms 80 for receiving andsupportthe surface of the -v36 being provided with pendant lugs 37, thelower ends of which are grooved or recessed to fit upon the top portionsof the arms 3( for locking" the grate o 3 to the supporting member 30against relative rotary movement and at. the same time permitting saidgrate sections to beremoved or replaced at will.

The upper grate section 8 lis journaled upon the upper end of the hub 32through the medium of ball-bearings 3,8 and is provided with] a centralhollow hub 4:0 projecting downwardly through and below the hub T82- forrelative rotary movement therein.

i This upper grate 34. is also provided with a plurality of, in thisinstance four, radially projecting segments 4-1 ha ving aperturestherein for the circulation of air therethrough, said segments ll beingmovable into and out of registration with V the segments 36- of thelower grate 33 and with the spaces between the'last-t namedsegments forshaking and dumping purposes as described in my pending applicationpreviously mentioned. 7

The lower end of the hub of the grate section 8lis preferably vangularin'cross section to receive a suitable operating member t2 by which saidsection may be turned about its axis for shaking and dumpv in gpurposes.

The basket 15 is supported upon the lower grate section ,33. and iscomposed of upright relatively narrow perforated bars arranged edge toedge circumferentially and interlocked with each other in the manner setforth in my pending application referred to, the upper end of saidbasket being disposed in a plane below the upper edge of thesupplemental shell3 and at about the same level as the bottom ledge -v-27 of the fuel opening 25.

A hollow upright conical shell 48+ is removably supported upon the uppergrate section -34- coaxial therewith and with the axis of the magazinedischarge nozzle -14. with its apex uppermost for the purpose ofdistributing the fuel discharged from saidnozzle more evenly over andupon This shell +4;$ extends from the grate section .34 to about thelevel. of the top of the basket 15hand tapers upwardly at grate withinthe basket an acute angle at the apeX,.the base of said shell beingprovided with a reduced extension ll normally seated in the upper end ofthe hollowhub of the section --34.

- and having the outer portions of its lower end resting upon the uppersurface of'said section.

The portions of the base of the shell eonnecting the reduced extension-4c4'' with the outer walls thereof are inclined upwardly and outwardlyin spaced relation to the upper surface of the grate section andtogether with the peripheral walls of the shell are provided withperforations a5'- to permit the passage of air tl'ierethrough to thefuel for increasing the combustion of the fuel and accelerating thedistillation of the gases, it being understood that the hub'of thesection 34l is hollow from the bottom up to permit the air to pass fromthe interior of the ash box and thence through theperforated shell l3 tothe fuel Within the basket It will be noted that the shell --l3- is ofconsiderably less diameter than the interior diameter of the basket 15thus leaving a clear open'space between the shell and outer wall of thebasket for the reception of a relatively large body of fuel and alsopermitting a relatively large volume of air to flow from the bottomupwardly through the fuel in the basket in addition to the air which isadmitted through the perforations in the sides of the basket atdifferent levels from bottom to topr all of which accelerates thedistillation of the gases from the fuel and assures a more perfectcombustion of the gases.

The direct draft conduit 5'- is provided with a suitable damper 5'- whch, when opened, allowsthe products of com- Vbustion to pass directlyfrom the combustion chamber of the heater into the smoke stack 7+ butwhen closed causes the products of combustion to pass fromthe combustionchamber downwardly between the shells ative position upon-the flangeshell '2 so as to form a complete cylin- -2' and 3 and outwardly throughthe indirect conduit 6- to the stack 7-.

When assembling the parts of the heater within the shell -2 the sectionsof'the shell -3- may be inserted through the ash box and opening 12' andplaced in oper- 11 of the and is also held in operative position byitsown weight and by the hub of the spider -31.

The upper grate -3&- is then placed in operative position upon the hubof the spider '-31 to be supported therein by its own weight. 7' i Thesections of the basket 15- are then placed in operative position uponthe lower grate section 33 in the manner shown in my, pendingapplication previously referred to after which the conical shell theopening 25 into 7 and as usual the dampers will be opened for direct --tmay be filled with fuel and the weight of the fuel acting upon thedamper sections 16 will automatically open the same to a greater or lessdegree against'the action of the counterweights -23 and 23 therebypermitting the fuel to drop by gravity into the basket -.15 and upon thegrate sections 34 and 33 ai"ouncl"tlie-central cone --43.

When the fuel is sufficiently ignited for distillation of the gases oneor both of the dampers 5 and 9 may be closed to cause indirect draft ofthe products of combustion downwardly around the inner shell -3, and outthrough the indirect conduit 6 to the stack 7 hen the fuel-is ignitedand under combustion air is supplied thereto through the openings in thegrates -33 and ?A and i also through the openings in the upright bars ofthe basket '15 thereby supplying a relatively large amount of air to thefuel to support combustion, it being understood that air ma also flowthrou h the tubular hub of the upper grate section 34l' into and throughthe conical shell -4l3- for sup plying air to the interior of the fuelat different levels from the grates 34- to the top of the basket -15.

Under these conditions the gases'will be thoroughly distilled from thefuel and ignited to burn'in the combustion chamber of the heater. p Thegases burning in the combustion chamher will, of course rise and impingeagainst the curved portions of the top or crown sheet l3 of the heaterand around the fuel discharge nozzle 14, the residue of the burned gasespassing down the space between the shells -2 and -3- and out through theindirect conduit +-6 so as to heat the exterior shell -2 throughoutpractically its entire area to be radiated through the air or waterjacket surrounding the shell 2, the heated air or water in said jacketbeing then conducted through the usual distributing pipes to the variousparts of the building to be heated.

Impingement of the gases against the nozzle l4 serves to preheat thefuel therein to accelerate the distillation of the gases from the fuelas it is discharged into the fuel basket -15'.

As the fuel is fed from the magazine 4 into the basket 15 its uppersurface will assume a definite angle of repose from the outer marginaledge of the basket upwardly to the mouth of the nozzle 14 and willassist in supporting the superposed body of fuel in the magazine againstexcessive down feed, under which conditions the weighted damper sections19 and 1 will tend to close to further retard the flow of the fuel tothe nozzle 14. and will also operate to prevent escape of gases into themagazine.

The upper grate 34 may be oscillated about its axis by means of theoperating member 42 and suitable connections at the front of the heateras shown in Figure l or the section -84 may be adjusted to register itssegments with those of the grate 3 for dumping the fuel from the grate.

During this oscillation of the grate 3 l about its axis the conicalmember 43 may or may not move therewith according to the amount offriction between the fuel and conical shell, it being understood thatthe bashot --15 is held against rotation by con nections with thenonrotatable grate sect-ion 33.

I claim:

1. In a heater of the character described, an upright shell having acombustion chamber, the top wall of which is curved inwardly anddownwardly from the outer walls toward the center to form a centralpendant extension having a fuel inlet opening therethrough. I

2. In a heater of the character described, an upright shell having acombustion chamber, the top wall of which is provided with a fuel inletnozzle extending downwardly into the combustion chamber some distancebelow the remaining portions of the top wall, the portions of said topwall between thenozzle and outer upright walls of the shell being archedupwardly.

3. In a heater of the character described, an upright shell having acombustion cham ber, the top wall of which is provided with a fuel inletnozzle extending downwardly into the combustion chamber some distancebelow the remaining portions of the top wall, said top Wall having atubular nipple projecting upwardly from the nozzle, and a fuel-receivingmagazine supported on said nipple.

4. In a heater of the character described,

an upright shell having a combustion chamber provided with draft outletsin vertically spaced relation and an inner tubular shell supportedwithin and in radially spaced relation to the firstnamed shell andextending some distance above and some distance below the lower draftoutlet, the upper end of the inner shell. being disposed in a planebelow the upper draft outlet.

5. In a heater of the character described, an upright shell having acombustion chamber, the top wall of which. is provided with a fuel inletnozzle extending some distance above and below the remaining portions ofsaid top, a fuel-receiving magazine connected to the upper end of thenozzle above said top wall, a self-closing valve controlling the passageof the fuel from the magazine into the nozzle and adapted to be openedby the weight of the fuel thereon to permit said fuel to pass throughthe nozzle into the combustion chamber.

6. In a heater of the character described, an upright shell having acombustion chamber, the top wall of which is curved inwardly anddownwardly from the outer walls to form a central fuel inlet nozzleextending downwardly some distance below and up wardly some distanceabove the remaining portions of said top wall, a fuel-receiving magazinedischarging into the upper end of said nozzle, a pair of self-closingdampers in the upper portion of said nozzle for con trolling the passageof fuel from the magazine into the nozzle and adapted to be opened bythe weight of fuel thereon.

7. In a heater of the character described, an upright shell having acombustion chamher and a fuel-inlet opening leading thereto, saidcombustion chamber having lower and upper outlet openings for theproducts of combustion, an inner tubular shell in radially spacedrelation to the first-named shell and having its lower end disposed in aplane below the lower outlet opening and its upper end disposed in aplane between said outlet openings and a perforated fuelreceiving basketsupported within the inner shell mainly in radially spacedrelationthereto and between the lower and upper ends there-v of to allow the airto circulate around the basket and through its perforations to theinterior thereof.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 21st day of January,1929.

GUSTAV BORGESON.

